E12 vs E14
E12 is the US candelabra base (12mm); E14 is the European small Edison screw (14mm). Both look similar in decorative fixtures but are not reliably interchangeable.
Side-by-side specs
| Spec | E12 | E14 |
|---|---|---|
| Base diameter | 12 mm | 14 mm |
| Common name | Candelabra | Small Edison Screw (SES) |
| Primary region | North America | Europe, UK |
| Typical fixtures | Chandeliers, sconces, nightlights | European candelabra, small accent lamps |
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Can you substitute one for the other?
No. The 2mm diameter difference prevents reliable thread engagement. An E14 bulb forced into an E12 socket may appear to seat but creates a poor electrical connection and a fire risk.
Physical comparison (to scale)
Which devices take which
US chandeliers, fans, and sconces use E12. European decorative lamps and imported fixtures use E14.